??????

百度晋人张湛，在战国《列子》的注里，引用了一段《古博经》：其掷采以琼为之。

?????? ?? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ; ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????, ??????????????, ???? ????????, ??????????????????, ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? (N-?????????? ???????????????? ??????)(C₈H₁₃O₅N)n ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ?????????? ????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???

???? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???, ?????? ? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? (????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????) ?? ????????? ??????? ??, ?????? ??????; ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? (????? ???? ????????) ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ???????? (?????? ?? ???? ??????)?

????? ?????? ??????

?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? volvariella, pleurotus, Agaricus ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????

?????? ???? ???

??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???, ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???, ???? ????? ? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????

?????????? ??? ??????? ?????

? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???; ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????

???????

?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? (Fungus), ?? ???? ??????? ???? Fungour ???? ?????? Fungour ??????? ???? ?? '????? ?????? ??????'?

??????

?????? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ???????????, ??? ????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??, ????????, ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????

???????? ?????????

?????? (Sing. Fungus, pl. Fungi) ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????

[?] ???????? ??? ?????? (????; ????) ???? ???????, ???? ?? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ????? (Hypha, Plural-Hyphae) ????? ?????

[?] ??? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????

[?] ??? ???????, ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????

[?] ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????????(Mycelium)

[?]???????? ???-??????? ?????? (Chitin) ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????

[?] ????? ????? ???????? (Starch) ?? ?????????? (Glycogen) ????? ?????? ??? ?????

[?] ?????? ??? ???, ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???-??????? ????^[?]

????-?????

?????????????

??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????, ??? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ????

?????????????
???????????????
???????????????
?????????????????

?????? ??????

???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????

??????? ??????

????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? (Hypha) ???? ?????? ?????, ??????? ????? (Hyphae) ? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? (Mycelium) ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????

???????? ?????????????

??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????:

????: ??? ??????? ????: ?????????????? ???????????
?????: ??? ???????? ????: ???????????? ????????
???????: ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????: ????????????? ?????????????

???????????? ?? ????????

???????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????, ??????????, ?????? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????

????????? ???????

??????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????(Agaricus) ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????

??????? ???????? ?????? ??????

???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????, ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???; ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? Streptomyces griseus ???? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? Penicillium griseofulvum ???? ???????????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????, ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? Aspergillus uiger ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? Clavatia gigantea ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? (Saccharomyces) ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????-B ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????^[?]^[?]^[?]

??????? ?????? ?????? ??????

???? ? ??????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????

?????????

↑ ???????? ???? ???????: ??????????? ??????????, ???????? ???????? ????????, ??????, ???:????, ??? ???
↑ Gow, Neil A. R.; Netea, Mihai G. (? ???????? ????)? "Medical mycology and fungal immunology: new research perspectives addressing a major world health challenge"? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences? ??? (????): ????????? ?????:10.1098/rstb.2015.0462? ???????? 0962-8436? ?????? 5095541? ???????? 28080988?{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ Lange, Lene (????)? "The importance of fungi and mycology for addressing major global challenges*"? IMA Fungus? ? (?): ???–???? ?????:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.02.10? ???????? 2210-6340? ?????? 4329327? ???????? 25734035?{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ "Fungi: Hazards and health applications"? Medicalnewstoday.com (?????? ??????)? ?? ????? ?????{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[1] ???????? ???? ???????: ??????????? ??????????, ???????? ???????? ????????, ??????, ???:????, ??? ???

[2] Gow, Neil A. R.; Netea, Mihai G. (? ???????? ????)? "Medical mycology and fungal immunology: new research perspectives addressing a major world health challenge"? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences? ??? (????): ????????? ?????:10.1098/rstb.2015.0462? ???????? 0962-8436? ?????? 5095541? ???????? 28080988?{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[3] Lange, Lene (????)? "The importance of fungi and mycology for addressing major global challenges*"? IMA Fungus? ? (?): ???–???? ?????:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.02.10? ???????? 2210-6340? ?????? 4329327? ???????? 25734035?{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[4] "Fungi: Hazards and health applications"? Medicalnewstoday.com (?????? ??????)? ?? ????? ?????{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

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